| Aspect | VLOS Requirements | BVLOS Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Operator must maintain direct visual contact with the RPAS. | RPAS is flown beyond the direct visual range of the operator. |
| Pilot Certification | Basic or Advanced RPAS Certificate (depending on operations). | Advanced RPAS Certificate; may require specialized BVLOS training. |
| Observer Requirement | Not required. | May require Visual Observers (VOs) or advanced detection systems. |
| Technology | Standard navigation and communication systems. | Requires advanced systems (e.g., detect-and-avoid, redundant controls). |
| Airspace | Typically restricted to uncontrolled or low-risk airspace. | May operate in controlled or high-risk airspace with approvals. |
| Operational Area | Within visible range; clear of obstructions like buildings. | Approved corridors, sparsely populated, or remote areas. |
| Site Survey | May require basic site survey and risk assessment. | Requires detailed site survey, population density analysis, and risk assessment. |
| Weather Requirements | Clear weather, good visibility conditions. | Stricter requirements; may involve monitoring cloud and icing conditions. |
| Regulatory Approvals | May operate with fewer regulatory approvals. | Requires Special Flight Operations Certificate (SFOC) in many cases. |
| Use Cases | Agriculture, real estate photography, small area inspections. | Long-range delivery, infrastructure inspections, surveillance. |
| Equipment Standards | Basic compliance with Part IX of CARs. | Advanced compliance, including BVLOS-specific technical standards. |
| Fees | Minimal or no additional costs. | Often subject to higher fees for certification and operation. |
(VLOS: Visual Line of Sight) and (BVLOS: Beyond Visual Line of Sight)