Differences between basic and advanced operations

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The key differences between basic and advanced RPAS operations are centered around the complexity of operations, regulatory requirements, and safety considerations. Below is a summary:

1. Airspace Permissions

Basic Operations:
- Permitted only in uncontrolled airspace (Class G).
- Cannot fly in controlled airspace without prior authorization.
Advanced Operations:
- Permitted in controlled airspace (e.g., Classes C, D, E, and F) with necessary approvals.
- Can operate near airports and other sensitive locations, subject to restrictions.

2. Proximity to People

Basic Operations:
- Must remain 30 meters (100 feet) horizontally away from bystanders.
- No operations over bystanders.
Advanced Operations:
- Can fly closer than 30 meters to bystanders if safety precautions are followed.
- May operate over people, depending on the drone’s certification and category.

3. Pilot Certification

Basic Operations:
- Requires only a Basic RPAS Certificate obtained through an online test.
Advanced Operations:
- Requires an Advanced RPAS Certificate, which includes:
  - Completing an online advanced test.
  - Passing a flight review conducted by a Transport Canada-authorized reviewer.

4. RPAS Requirements

Basic Operations:
- Drones must meet the minimum safety requirements but are not subject to stringent standards.
Advanced Operations:
- The drone must meet Transport Canada-approved safety assurance requirements.
- Proof of drone compliance is required (e.g., SFOC for certain operations).

5. Proximity to Aerodromes

Basic Operations:
- Must stay at least 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) away from airports and 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) from heliports.
Advanced Operations:
- May operate closer to aerodromes, subject to specific airspace and authorization requirements.

6. Operational Scenarios

Basic Operations:
- Restricted to simpler and lower-risk scenarios.
- No operations in areas of dense population, near critical infrastructure, or in special airspace.
Advanced Operations:
- Allowed in high-risk scenarios such as urban areas, controlled airspace, and near sensitive locations, provided all requirements are met.

7. Visual Observer Requirements

Basic Operations:
- Visual observers are optional but recommended.
Advanced Operations:
- May require a trained visual observer for certain missions or higher-risk flights.

8. Privacy and Security

Basic Operations:
- Focus on general compliance with privacy laws.
Advanced Operations:
- Stricter guidelines and additional considerations for urban or densely populated areas.

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